What Newcomers to Canada Should Know: 10 Unexpected Canadian Rules
Canada’s legal system is celebrated for its fairness and modern values—but it’s also full of surprising and sometimes downright quirky laws. Whether you’re planning a visit or considering immigration to Canada, exploring these unusual rules offers a fascinating insight into Canadian culture and history.
In honour of Canada Day, here are 10 unexpected Canadian laws—some still enforced, others now repealed—that reveal just how unique life in Canada can be.
1. Scaring the Queen Was Once a Serious Offence
Until it was repealed in 2018, it was a criminal offence under the Criminal Code of Canada to frighten Her Majesty the Queen. This rarely enforced law could result in up to 14 years in prison.
Rooted in Canada’s historical ties to the British monarchy, the law originated from a British man who pointed (but didn’t fire) a gun at the Queen. Though outdated, it highlights Canada’s long-standing legal traditions.
2. Paying with Too Many Coins Is Prohibited
Thinking of making a large purchase with spare change? The Currency Act of 1985 limits how many coins you can use in one transaction:
- No more than $5 in nickels
- No more than $25 in loonies (one-dollar coins)
- No more than $40 in toonies (two-dollar coins)
Although pennies were phased out in 2012, businesses may still accept up to 25 cents in pennies. It’s one of many small but surprising rules still in place across Canada.
3. Dueling Was Illegal Until Recently
Until 2018, it was still a punishable offence in Canada to challenge or participate in a duel. The Criminal Code criminalised all parts of duelling culture, from provoking a duel to taking part in one. Violators could face up to two years of imprisonment—a reminder of how Canada has historically prioritised public order and peace.
4. Owning a Pet Rat Is Illegal in Alberta
If you’re moving to Alberta as part of your Canada immigration journey, leave the pet rats behind. Under the Agricultural Pests Act, rats have been classified as pests since 1950.
It’s illegal to import, own, or sell rats in Alberta, and anyone caught with one can face fines up to $5,000. This strict enforcement has helped the province remain largely rat-free for over 70 years—a point of pride for Albertans.
5. Snowman Height Restrictions in Prince Edward Island
In Souris, PEI, residents on corner lots are prohibited from building snowmen taller than 30 inches. This unusual bylaw was put in place to ensure snow sculptures don’t block sightlines or interfere with traffic safety. It’s a perfect example of how even the snowiest provinces take safety seriously during Canadian winters.
6. Only Two Garage Sales Per Year in Toronto
If you’re living in Toronto, you’re only allowed to host two garage sales per year per residence. Each sale can last up to two consecutive days, and all signage must be removed promptly afterward. Violating this rule could lead to fines of up to $5,000. The city enforces this bylaw to prevent unlicensed commercial activity in residential neighbourhoods.
7. Taxi Drivers Must Dress Formally in Halifax
In Halifax, Nova Scotia, taxi drivers must follow a strict dress code. T-shirts are not permitted; drivers must wear collared shirts or blouses with sleeves. Pants or skirts must reach the ankles, and shorts must be no more than three inches above the knee-length or longer, and clothes must be neat and tidy. It’s a law still in effect, aiming to maintain professionalism in public service.
8. Yellow Margarine Was Banned in Quebec Until 2008
In Quebec, it was illegal until 2008 to sell margarine dyed yellow or butter-coloured. Why? Authorities wanted to protect the dairy industry and avoid confusion between butter and margarine. Non-compliant margarine was confiscated—even in small amounts—until this ban was finally lifted.
9. Dogsledding on Sidewalks Is Prohibited
In snowy towns like Hay River in the Northwest Territories, dog sledding is part of everyday life. But dogsledding on sidewalks? That’s a no-go. The town bans it to prevent accidents, and first-time violations could lead to fines between $75 and $150. It’s a clear example of how Canadian laws adapt to regional lifestyles.
10. Tree Climbing Ban in Oshawa
In Oshawa, Ontario, climbing trees on city property is a finable offense. You’re also prohibited from attaching objects or damaging trees in any way. Even your first offense could earn a $250 fine. While this law might surprise newcomers, it reflects Canada’s broader commitment to urban environmental protection.
Whether you’re exploring Canada immigration pathways, planning a visit, or already living in Canada, understanding local laws—both serious and strange—is part of integrating into Canadian society.
From snowman size limits to formal dress codes for taxi drivers, Canada’s legal quirks reflect its regional diversity and deep historical roots. While some of these laws may never affect your day-to-day life, they offer a unique lens into what makes Canada one of the most fascinating countries in the world.